2. Markup and style¶

Tags¶

A tag names a style. Styles combine, and tags nest:

console.print_str("[bold]bold[/] [italic]italic[/] [underline]underline[/]");
console.print_str("[red]red[/] [white on blue]white on blue[/]");
console.print_str("[bold magenta]outer [italic]and inner[/] again outer[/]");

Markup

[/] closes the most recent tag; [/bold] closes a named one. Both work, and abbreviations resolve — [b]…[/bold] matches, because tag names are normalised before they are compared.

What can go in a tag¶

Form	Example
Attribute	`bold` `dim` `italic` `underline` `strike` `reverse`
Abbreviation	`b` `d` `i` `u` `s` `r`
Negation	`not bold`
Named colour	`red` `bright_blue` `grey37`
Hex	`#ff8800`
RGB	`rgb(255,136,0)`
8-bit index	`color(196)`
Background	`on blue`, `white on #202020`
Hyperlink	`link https://example.com`
Theme name	`repr.number`, or any name your theme defines

Combine them freely: [bold not italic #ff8800 on grey15].

Styles as values¶

Markup is a convenience. The underlying type is Style:

use rich::{Console, Style, Text};

let console = Console::new();
let style = Style::parse("bold underline").unwrap();
console.print(&Text::styled("styled directly", style));

Automatic highlighting¶

A Console highlights recognisable things without being asked — numbers, paths, URLs, UUIDs, booleans, None:

Automatic highlighting

This is on by default, matching upstream. Turn it off when the text is not code-like:

let console = Console::builder().highlight(false).build();

Themes¶

A theme maps names to styles. Because span styles are resolved when the text is rendered, not when it is created, changing the theme restyles output that was already built:

use rich::{Console, Style, Theme};

let mut theme = Theme::default_theme();
theme.insert("repr.number", Style::parse("bold red").unwrap());

let console = Console::builder().theme(theme).build();
console.print_str("answer = 42");     // 42 is bold red, not the default cyan

The same applies to your own names:

theme.insert("danger", Style::parse("bold white on red").unwrap());
console.print_str("[danger] DANGER [/]");

Unknown tags are not an error

[nope]x[/] renders x with no styling, exactly as upstream does. A malformed tag — an unmatched [/close] — is still an error.

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